What do these things mean???

I'm new and I've been seeing a ton of abbreviations. Not that I cant just google them, its that I think there should be like a tutorial or such to teach us noobs what you guys are talking about. Also what they do or what not.That would be really nice.For Example:
-ISO
-NDS
-BIN
-CUE
-IMGIf there are more just post them please.Thanks!! ;D

they're filetypes not abbreviations.

I know that, but what are they for? What goes where?

ISO,IMG,BIN are CD/DVD images
CUE is a supporting file for IMG/BIN
NDS is an NDS rom